Can changing the gut microbiome affect PCOS?


What causes new hair growth?

All hair follicles form before birth. Heredity and genetics, sex, hormonal exposure, and biological age all factor in determining where hair will grow more prominently.

If you have an unwanted hair problem, you are likely aware that increased androgenic activity causes new hair growth. We can expect increased hormonal activity at puberty. With perimenopause, estrogenic and progesteronic activity decreases absolutely, but androgenic activity can increase relatively.

Some of us are genetically predisposed to grow more hair than others. Some of us had a medical treatment or an unresolved condition that influenced new hair growth. Life is full of unpredictable events, and some of them affect new hair growth.

Can diet affect hair growth?

Recently, I read that significant dietary changes (i.e., fasting) can cause hair loss in some people. Unfortunately, this hair loss was in the place where most of us want to keep it. I’m an advocate of and practice intermittent fasting, and I have more than enough hair on the top of my head. So, I suspect this is a hormonal imbalance problem.  Anyway, this got me thinking, “is it possible that diet can affect hair growth?”

Being a fan and follower of Dr. Joseph Mercola, and his website at mercola.com, I’ve learned a little about the microbiome, and that we should protect and cater to our microbiome. The right food is necessary to support a gut microbiome in order to protect our entire body from autoimmune and metabolic diseases (Singh, 2017).

On a personal note, I have not been sick in a very long time.  I attribute this to a better diet and a lower frequency of eating: it is a diet with less sugar or its substitutes, preservatives, pesticides, herbicides, and antibiotics, and with more whole food, and with more prebiotics and probiotics, and at a frequency of less than once per day.

Studies have found a correlation between the microbiome and hyperandrogenism. Specifically, women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have a gut microbiome with less diversity (Torres, 2018). PCOS affects 10-15% of women of childbearing age and up to 20% among infertile women. Hyperandrogenism is a medical condition characterized by high levels of androgens. PCOS is the most common cause of hyperandrogenism in women (Peigné, 2013). Hyperandrogenism is the root cause of unwanted hair growth.

Can changing the microbiome affect hyperandrogenism?

Recent research on mice suggests that changing the microbiome affects hyperandrogenism. Further, making changes to support the gut microbiome can restore protection from hyperandrogenism! In this research, mice implanted with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor to induce PCOS later became protected after cohousing with placebo mice. Merely through cohousing, the microbiome of the PCOS mice changed for the better to become like the placebo mice (Torres, 2019; Thackray, 2019).

Microbiome, antibiotics, and diet affect hyperandrogenism.

If a healthy gut microbiome protects from hyperandrogenism, then, we should be mindful to take good care of our microbiome. I don't want to be an alarmist, but we should also decide carefully about taking antibiotics or ingesting anything that kills off our beneficial bacteria.

In breastfeeding children, antibiotics reduce the long-term positive effects of breastfeeding attributed to the microbiome (Korpela, 2016). Antibiotics taken in early childhood are correlated to long-lasting complications of obesity, behavior, allergies, autoimmunity, and other diseases (Neuman, 2018). 

Other drugs, such as statins, PPIs, and NSAIDs also affect the microbiome (Caparrós-Martín, 2017; Imhann, 2016; Rogers,2016).

If we must take antibiotics or other drugs to kill one type of pathogenic organism, then we must also make changes latter to help our gut microbiome rebuild a healthy community that will protect us naturally from other pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi. For those of us with a medical condition, like hyperandrogenism, we need to be mindful to care for our microbiome with a proper diet.

A nutrient-dense diet includes plenty of
·             organic greens, vegetables, and fruits,
·             healthy fats (e.g., butter, lard, tallow), and
·             quality proteins (e.g., wild fish, and pasture-raised beef, pork, chicken, and eggs).

To support the gut microbiome, add some dietary fiber (prebiotics) and resistant starch. Organic greens, vegetables, and fruits have some dietary fiber. Kimchi is fermented and spiced cabbage and contains both dietary fiber and probiotics (which are beneficial bacterial). Other sources of probiotics include homemade yogurt and sauerkraut. You can buy resistant starch (potato starch), or you can eat not-quite-ripe or green bananas, cold baked-potatoes, beans and legumes, chilled cooked oats, and chilled cooked rice.

Food preservatives in processed foods are likely harmful to the gut microbiome (Irwin, 2017). Artificial sweeteners in processed foods cause a shift in microbiome species and increase pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis) (Singh, 2017). Alcohol is another cause of dysbiosis, and treatment with prebiotics and probiotics have been found to normalize the microbiome and improve the alcohol-related pathogenesis symptoms (Engen, 2015). Although there's no supporting research at this time, the gut microbiome may be an unintended target of the residue of pesticides and herbicides used to grow our food.

In a nutshell, to support the gut microbiome,
  • eat whole foods,
  • eat organic if possible,
  • avoid processed foods (including factory-made bread and cereal),
  • avoid sugar and its substitutes, 
  • reduce alcohol consumption, and
  • treat your gut microbiome with dietary fiber and resistant starch.

Electrolysis permanently removes unwanted hair.

As an electrologist, I am trained in the removal of unwanted hair. As part of my training, as well as through personal experience, I have developed a deeper understanding of the causes and other aspects of sudden hair growth. Although I have some knowledge, I cannot make medical diagnoses. What I can do is ask you questions, listen to you, share my knowledge, and help you to prepare for your consultation with a physician or an endocrinologist. At your first visit with me, I will ask you to complete a health history survey, and we can use that as a starting point for a conversation.

--------------------

References

Singh RK, Chang HW, Yan D, Lee KM, Ucmak D, Wong K, Abrouk M, Farahnik B, Nakamura M, Zhu TH, Bhutani T, Liao W. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):73. Published 2017 Apr 8. doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1175-y

Peigné, M; Villers-Capelle, A; Robin, G; Dewailly, D. Hyperandrogenism in women. Presse Médicale. 42 (11): 1487–99. November 2013. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2013.07.016

Pedro J Torres, Martyna Siakowska, Beata Banaszewska, Leszek Pawelczyk, Antoni J Duleba, Scott T  Kelley, Varykina G Thackray. Gut Microbial Diversity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Correlates With Hyperandrogenism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 103, Issue 4, April 2018, Pages 1502–1511, doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02153

Pedro J Torres, Bryan S Ho, Pablo Arroyo, Lillian Sau, Annie Chen, Scott T Kelley, Varykina G Thackray. Exposure to a Healthy Gut Microbiome Protects Against Reproductive and Metabolic Dysregulation in a PCOS Mouse Model. Endocrinology, Volume 160, Issue 5, May 2019, Pages 1193–1204, doi:10.1210/en.2019-00050

Thackray V, Torres P, Ho B, Sau L, Chen A, Kelley S. MON-204 Gut Bacterial Composition Correlates with an Improved PCOS Phenotype after Co-Housing. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(Suppl 1):MON-204. 2019 Apr 30. doi:10.1210/js.2019-MON-204

Korpela K, Salonen A, Virta LJ, Kekkonen RA, de Vos WM. Association of Early-Life Antibiotic Use and Protective Effects of Breastfeeding: Role of the Intestinal Microbiota. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Aug 1;170(8):750-7. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0585

Hadar Neuman, Paul Forsythe, Atara Uzan, Orly Avni, Omry Koren. Antibiotics in early life: dysbiosis and the damage done. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 42, Issue 4, July 2018, Pages 489–499, doi:10.1093/femsre/fuy018

Sally V. Irwin, Peter Fisher, Emily Graham, Ashley Malek, Adriel Robidoux. Sulfites inhibit the growth of four species of beneficial gut bacteria at concentrations regarded as safe for food. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0186629. October 18, 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186629

Caparrós-Martín, J.A., Lareu, R.R., Ramsay, J.P. et al. Statin therapy causes gut dysbiosis in mice through a PXR-dependent mechanism. Microbiome 5, 95. 2017. doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0312-4

Imhann F, Bonder MJ, Vich Vila A, et al. Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome. Gut 2016;65:740-748. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310376

Rogers MAM, Aronoff DM. The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gut microbiome. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(2):178.e1–178.e9. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.003

Engen PA, Green SJ, Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Alcohol Effects on the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):223–236

Martin AM, Sun EW, Rogers GB, Keating DJ. The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Host Metabolism Through the Regulation of Gut Hormone Release. Front Physiol. 2019;10:428. Published 2019 Apr 16. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00428

--------------------

I enjoy learning new ways to make my life better and sharing my findings and thoughts with others. If you find something you like, please share it with others, and please subscribe to catch the next post. Feel free to send me an email to ask a specific question, comment, or share your knowledge and experience.